What is dumbo and how to ssh into dumbo for running jobs?
Dumbo is the stand alone Hadoop cluster running on the Hortonworks Data platform. It can be used to perform various mapreduce jobs for big data analytics.
To access dumbo: I recommend using the Mac OS in the class room. The PC's provided have a Mac OS option.
Please follow the instructions on this link:
or
MAC OS users Only
Make sure to follow the instructions for Web UI access using the above like
(for mac users only) Copy and paste the below into /.ssh/config/
What is Hadoop?
Hadoop is an open-source software framework for storing and processing big data in a distributed/parallel fashion on large clusters of commodity hardware. Essentially, it accomplishes two tasks: massive data storage and faster processing. The core Hadoop consists of HDFS and Hadoop's implementation of MapReduce.
What is HDFS?
HDFS stands for Hadoop Distributed File System. HDFS is a highly fault-tolerant file system and is designed to be deployed on low-cost hardware. HDFS provides high throughput access to application data and is suitable for applications that have large data sets.
What is Map-Reduce?
MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster.
A MapReduce job splits a large data set into independent chunks and organizes them into key, value pairs for parallel processing. A key-value pair (KVP) is a set of two linked data items: a key, which is a unique identifier for some item of data, and the value, which is either the data that is identified or a pointer to the location of that data. The mapping and reducing functions receive not just values, but (key, value) pairs.This parallel processing improves the speed and reliability of the cluster, returning solutions more quickly and with greater reliability.
Every MapReduce job consists of at-least three parts:
- The driver
- The Mapper
- The Reducer
Mapping Phase
The first phase of a MapReduce program is called mapping. A list of data elements are provided, one at a time, to a function called the Mapper, which transforms each element individually to an output data element.
The Map function divides the input into ranges by the InputFormat and creates a map task for each range in the input. The JobTracker distributes those tasks to the worker nodes. The output of each map task is partitioned into a group of key-value pairs for each reduce.
Mapping creates a new output list by applying a function to individual elements of an input list.
Reducing Phase
Reducing let's you aggregate values together. A reducer function receives an iterator of input values from an input list. It then combines these values together, returning a single output value.
The Reduce function then collects the various results and combines them to answer the larger problem that the master node needs to solve. Each reduce pulls the relevant partition from the machines where the maps executed, then writes its output back into HDFS. Thus, the reduce is able to collect the data from all of the maps for the keys and combine them to solve the problem.
Reducing a list iterates over the input values to produce an aggregate value as output.
MapReduce Data Flow
What are the components of the dumbo Cluster @NYU and what can they be used for?
Lets see the UIs for a better understanding:
Ambari Manager: http://babar.es.its.nyu.edu:8080/
Commands for HDFS & MapReduce:
Transferring Data from workstation to dumbo :
HDFS COMMANDs
TO UPLOAD DATA TO HDFS
TO GET DATA FROM HDFS
TO CHECK HDFS FOR YOUR FILE
MAPREDUCE COMMANDS
TO COMPILE JAVA FILES
TO MAKE THE JAR FILE
TO TRIGGER THE JOB
TO CHECK RUNNING JOB
TO KILL THE JOB
Example Map-Reduce job:
- Word Count: The objective here is to count the number of occurrences of each word by using key-value pairs.
Step 1:
ssh into dumbo
Step 2:
Move to
It includes 4 files
Example.txt ------ Input file
SumReducer.java ------ This is the reducer
WordMapper.java ------ This is the mapper
WordCount.java ------- This is the driver
WordCount.jar - Complied jar file used to run the mapreduce job
Step 3:
Copy example1 folder to /home/user/example1
Step 3:
Place the example.txt file on to hdfs
Step 4:
Run the mapreduce job using WordCount.jar
Step 5:
Check output by accessing HDFS directories
2. Standard Deviation : The objective is to find the standard deviation of the length of the words.
Step 1:
Move to
example2.txt - Input file
StandardDeviation.jar - compiled jar file
Step 2:
copy example2 folder to /home/user/example2
Step 3:
Place the example2.txt file on to hdfs
Step 4:
Run the mapreduce job using StandardDeviation.jar
Step 5:
Check output by accessing HDFS directories
3. Sudoku Solver : The objective is to solve the given sudoku puzzle by using mapreduce
Step 1:
Move to
Sudoku.dft - Puzzle
sudoku.jar - Compiled jar file
Step 2:
copy example3 folder to /home/user/
Step 3:
Run the mapreduce job
(Note: Twitter Sentiment analysis can be done using this cluster. It requires the use of java for mapreduce and pig script for sorting the twitter users based on number of tweets. The next steps would be setting up oozie workflow and observe the analysis on Hue. To learn more about sentiment analysis please contact hpc@nyu.edu)
MapReduce Streaming
Even though the Hadoop framework is written in Java, programs for Hadoop need not to be coded in Java but can also be developed in other languages like Python, shell scripts or C++. Hadoop streaming is a utility that comes with the Hadoop distribution. This utility allows you to create and run Map/Reduce jobs with any executable or script as the mapper and/or the reducer.
Streaming runs a MapReduce Job from the command line. You specify a map script, a reduce script, an input and an output. Streaming takes care of the Map Reduce details such as making sure that your job is split into separate tasks, that the map tasks are executed where the data is storedt Hadoop Streaming works a little differently (your program is not presented with one record at a time, you have to iterate yourself)
-input– The data in hdfs that you want to process-output– The directory in hdfs where you want to store the output-map script– the program script command line or process that you want to use for your mapper-reduce script– the program script command or process that you want to use for your reducer.
(Note: R can also be used to run mapreduce jobs. Please contact hpc@nyu.edu to learn more)
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